Pak Polytechnic Institute
A.I Town,
Lahore
--------------------------------------------------
Prepared By: - Mr. M. Aslam Sheikh
Mr. Rehan Bashir
Department: Related Studies
Subject Details
Subject:
English-112 First Year Class
Total Marks:
100
Important (Long
+ Short) Questions & MCQ
MCQ’s - 20 Marks
This
question is contained on four parts a, b, c & d
a.
Cloze Test 05
b.
Synonyms 05
c.
Verb Correction 05
d.
One Word Substitution 05
Short
Questions – 30 Marks
1.
Short questions and answers from 8 lessons from Text Book. ( Every
question carries 02 marks) – 20 marks
2.
Pairs of Words -05 marks
3.
Punctuation - 05 marks)
Long Questions- 50 Marks
1.
Letter Writing ( 10 marks)
2.
Application ( 10 marks)
3.
Essay Writing ( 15 marks)
4.
Translation ( 15 marks)
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Lecture No.1
Topic Taught:
The Dying Sun
Details & explanation of topic
Q1. How that is a star seldom finds another star near it?
The universe is very vast and there is distance of millions miles
among the stars. Thus, a star seldom finds another star near it.
Q2. What happened when a wandering star came near the sun?
A star came near the sun and raised huge tides over the surface of
the sun. A mountain of high waves formed there in the result.
Q3. What happened when a wandering star came nearer and nearer the
sun?
When the wandering star came nearer and nearer the sun, mountain of
waves rose higher and higher on the surface of the sun.
Q4. What are planets and how did they exist?
Planets are heavenly bodies. Once a star came near the sun but when it moved away it was
torn into pieces due to high waves. These pieces are our planets.
Q5. Why is there no life on stars?
There is no life on stars because there is no air, water and soil.
Q6. Why is universe frightening?
Universe is fearful because of long distance, time and absence of
life.
Lecture No.2
Cloze Test –
The Dying Sun
Paragraph No 1
A few stars are
known ------ immense star large enough.
Answer- hardly,
most, hundreds, packed, we
Paragraph No 2
The stars
themselves are far ------ on the Fahrenheit scale.
Answer- hot,
them, though, the, degree
Paragraph No 3
Life does not
seem ------ planets like the earth.
Answer- part,
planetary, few, kind, exist
Synonym – The
Dying Sun
1. The second
star formed a mountain so high that we can hardly imagine it.
Look See
Define Think
2. Its tidal pull had become so powerful that
this mountain was torn to pieces.
Gathered Formed
Scattered Found
3. It needs suitable physical
conditions for its appearance.
Approved Stay
Looks Existence
Lecture No.3
Topic Taught:
Using the Scientific Method
Details &
explanation of topic
Q1. How has scientific method helped us in fighting against+
disease?
We have discovered many medicine and invented instruments. We know
how to cure the disease.
Q2. How has scientific method helped us in producing and preserving
food?
We get more produced food with selecting, grading and processing
methods of preservation.
Q3. How has scientific method enabled us to get over fears?
People do not believe in evil spirits. They know that there is a
reason of every work. They do not fear black cats, broken mirror and number 13.
Q4. What is astrology part in the lives of men and women?
They believed in evil spirits, fortune telling and movements of
stars.
Q5. What are the sanitary conditions like in our villages today and
how would you improve them?
Sanitary conditions are not very good in our villages. Garbage is
thrown in the streets. The clean drinking water is not available.
Lecture No.4
Cloze Test –
Using the scientific method
Paragraph No 1
This lesson
should help ------ everyday living.
Answer- how,
improved, should, make, your
Paragraph No 2
It is difficult
to ------ feeding upon the garbage.
Answer-
condition, like, narrow, garbage, through
Paragraph No 3
Superstitious
beliefs are being ------ spirits.
Answer- by,
demonstrate, basis, believe, evil
Synonyms – Using the scientific method
1.
Even then your battle for life was not over.
Race Chance
Struggle Desire
2.
Household garbage and refuse were thrown in the street.
Waste Deny
Thing Objects
3.
Today our city streets are paved and well-drained and cleaned regularly.
Narrow Wide
Even Cemented
4. Science has changed even the way we
spend our leisure time.
Busy Day
Evening Free
Lecture No.5
Topic Taught:
Why Boys Fail In College
Details &
explanation of topic
Q11. How has the mistaken ambition taken students to failure?
Their parents want them to study opposite subjects and become
dentist or physician. As a result the students fail.
Q12. Some intelligent students did well at school but fail in
college why?
Some intelligent boys do not work hard. These over confident
students should understand the importance of studies.
Q13. Why students have financial pressure and in the result they
fail?
The students have to earn for paying the college fee. They become
tired and give no proper time to their studies and fail.
Q14. What place would you accord to sportsmen in the college?
The sportsmen should be advised to pay attention to their studies.
Q15. What should be in the case of lazy bluffers, should they be
allowed?
Some join college for fun. Theses lazy bluffers should not be
allowed to study in college.
Q16. To what extent does the question of health lead to the failure
of students?
The students suffer from different diseases and cannot give proper
time to their studies. In the result, they fail.
Lecture
No. 6
Why Boys Fail In College
Paragraph No 3
Nowadays when
most ambitious ------- good of his soul.
Answer- want,
pressure, few, boy, college
Cloze Test
8. I
have made a number of very warm enemies among the parents of college
students.
Brave
Active Cruel Hot
9.
As well argued with a person that he ought to like onions when he
detests them.
Fought Discussed Struggled
Thought
10. He would not consent to the
operation.
Disagree Afford
Agree Like
11.
As a general thing, the boy was out in such controversies.
Adversaries Necessitation Beauties
Conflicts
12.
No boy ought to be compelled to earn his entire way through.
Wanted Relax
Free Forced
Lecture No.7
Topic Taught:
End of Term
Details &
explanation of topic
Q16. What was general view of school life to Daiches?
He was of the view that it is beautiful blend of pain and pleasure.
Q17. What did he do with his pocket money?
He saved in the wooden box.
Q26. What was his attitude towards the weekend as a school boy?
He longed for week end
because he felt tension and burden in school. He wanted to relax at week end.
Q27. He liked holidays from freedom, freedom from what?
It was freedom from burden of home work, tension of each morning
awakening.
Q28. How did he spend his summer holidays?
He enjoyed sunshine and walk
in the meadows.
Lecture No.8
Cloze Test
13. Seeing the
school hours stretching ahead, was a dismal experience.
Trivial
Sad Tremendous Brilliant
14. The anticipation was worse
than the reality.
Foreknowledge Call Imagination Dream
15. The daily grind of school with its
abundant home work.
Scare Smaller
Plentiful Huge
16. I used to be waiting for that
ominous tread to the unexpected attic stair.
Walk Talk Conversation Weeping
17. The sudden dismissal of
school an hour or two before.
Termination Disturbance Holiday
Program
18. Sometimes, there were unexpected
respites.
Sudden Call
Wonderful Designed
Paragraph No 2
Sometimes there
were ------- few and far between.
Unexpected,
football, sudden, time, celebration
Lecture No. 9
Topic Taught:
On Destroying Books
Details &
explanation of topic
Q18. What sorts of books were presented by the British public to
the soldiers?
Old and worthless books were presented by the British public to the
soldiers.
Q19. Why is it difficult to destroy books?
It is difficult to destroy
books because of no suitable place.
Q20. How did he decide to get rid of them?
He decided to get rid of them by stuffing them in sack and throwing
them in river.
Q21. Did he feel for the books after he got rid of them?
Yes, he felt pity and sorry
for them.
Q29. Why could not the author burn the unwanted books?
The author could not burn
the unwanted books because there was no proper fire-place in the apartment.
Q30. How did he muster up his courage to fling books into river?
He thought that if he failed
that day he would not be able to regain
his respect.
Lecture No.10
Paragraph No 3
The sack
dropped ------ of the bottom.
Answer- sheer,
silence, sadly, torrent, ooze
Cloze Test
19. Some people
were sending the oddest thing.
Strange Good Precious
Bad
20.
I fancied he looked suspicious.
Superstitious Doubtful Eager
Worried
21. I trembled slightly.
A Little Heavily Violently Terribly
22. The thought occurred to me.
Shattered Embraced
Confused Happened
23. Perhaps, he suspected that I have swag
in the sack.
Currency Ornaments
Jewelry Stolen Goods
24.
I knew that I could bear investigation.
Stand
Face Think Have
25. What I thought savagely.
Really Neatly
Wildly Fearfully
26.
He acquitted me apparently.
Left Quitted
Wanted Understood
Lecture No.11
Details &
explanation of topic
Q22. What was the disease he discovered he did not have?
The disease was housemaid
knee he discovered he did not have.
Q23. Was he pleased to find that he did not have it?
No, he was not happy to find that he did not have it.
Q24. What was his first reaction?
His first reaction was that
he was suffering from many diseases and he sat frozen with horror.
Q25. Why should he be an acquisition to the medical class?
He should be an acquisition
to the medical class because the students would have no need of going to
hospital for practice.
Q31. Describe his visit to the medical man?
The writer went to the
doctor and said that he was suffering from all diseases. The doctor checked him
completely and gave him prescription.
Lecture No.12
27. What an acquisition
I should be to a class.
Possession Amazement Inspiration Awe
28. I pulled out my watch and timed
it.
Settled Corrected
Counted Oiled
29. He is an old chum of mine.
Plume Friend Relative Pupil
30. Being only a chemist hampers
me.
Temp Attract Stops Impress
Cloze Test
Paragraph No 1
It was my liver
-------- was out of order.
Answer- out,
liver, because, which, symptoms
Paragraph No 2
I sat and
pondered ------- me.
Answer- what,
medical, I, would, had
Lecture No.13
Details &
explanation of topic
Q32. What secret the writer had to reveal to the manager?
The manager thought that the
writer would be some detective. He would disclose some important secret about
accounts.
Q33. What other blunders Leacock committed after he left manager’s
room?
He entered safe room. When
he had deposited all money then he wrote to withdraw 56 in place of six only.
Q34. After bank misadventure where did he keep his money?
He kept his money in
trousers and savings in socks.
Lecture No.14
31. When I go
into bank, I get rattled.
Angry Confused Sad
Staggered
32. I intend to keep all my
money in this bank.
Tried Plan
Want Promise
33.
The manager looked relieved but still serious.
Surprised Astonished Worried
Relaxed
34. Reckless with misery, I
made a plunge.
Frightened Horrified Clarified Careless
35. My face was
ghastly pale.
Ferociously Very ill ironically fearfully
36. The bank swam
before my eyes.
Ran Twisted Moved
Rattled
Lesson No 7- My
Financial Career
Paragraph No 1
When I go -------- me.
Answer- into,
clerks, wickets, sight, rattles
Lecture No.15
Q37. Why has world changed its attitude towards China?
China got independence in 1949 and became great socialist country.
The Western world boycotted her. But China progressed and forced the world to
change its attitude.
Q38. Discuss Chinese agricultural system?
It is based on communes and they are sub-divided into small units.
Farmers use machinery and have basic facilities.
Q39. How does China rely on its own sources?
In every field of life they use local and home- made machinery.
Q40. Discuss the day of a Chinese student?
Student gets up at 6.00am. She goes to school at 8.00 am and
returns at 11.00 am for lunch. At 1.30 she goes back and at 3.00 comes back.
Then at 4.00 pm, she listens to radio and reads newspaper. She also plays games
and does her homework.
Q41. Write a note on Chinese women?
They enjoy equal rights with men. They work in all departments side
by side with men. They work 8 hours a day and using no beauty products enjoy
free hospitalization.
Q42. What are workers social security’s benefits?
They can meet their needs with their salary. They have free medical
facility. They get additional help for standard living.
Lecture No.16
37.
The occidentals certainly launched the warm hug.
Western Eastern Indians
Russians
38. Nearly all plans boast
nurseries and kindergartens.
Possess Minimize Maximize
Magnifies
39. Female workers are entitled
to 56 days rest on full salary before giving birth to children.
Relieved Given
Authorized Titled
Lesson No 8-
China’s Way to Progress
Paragraph No 1
China is now
the fashion --------- Mao Tse-Tung.
Answer- around,
most, are, themselves, singing
Paragraph No 3
From a western
angle ------- hold up half the sky.
Lecture No. 17
Verb Correction
The use of is,
am and are
Subject + is,
am, are + first form + ing + object.
They are playing in the ground now. Play
He is telling a lie. Tell
She is sitting in the lawn. Sit
He is working in a factory. Work
They are reading
newspaper. Read
She is cooking
in the kitchen. Cook
He is standing on the road. Stand
Jack is cutting
woods. Cut
I am writing
essay. Write
Babur and Ali
are riding the horse. Ride
Lecture No. 18
Present
Indefinite Tense
فعل حال مطلق
جب کسی فقرہ
کے آخرمیں تا ہے، تی ہے، تا ہوں یا تے ہیں تو اس کو پریزنٹ ٹینس کہا جاتا
ہے اس کو بنانے کا طریقہ درج ذیل ہے۔
Subject + first form + s/es + Object
مثال کے طور پر
وہ ہر روز کتاب پڑھتا ہے۔
He reads book daily.
وہ باغ کی سیر کرتا ہے۔
He walks in the garden.
میں کالج جاتا ہوں۔
I go to college.
اسی طرح
We, You, They and Plural Things + first form
He, She, Ali and It + first form + s/es
For negative sentences
I, We, you, they and plural things + do not + first form
He, she, it and Ali + does not + first form
For interrogative sentences
Do & Does in the start of sentences
Do I take breakfast?
Does he take meal daily?
Do they take papers?
Do we get in the bus?
Lecture No.19
One
Word Substitution
1. Amnesty –
General pardon for everyone.
2.
Antonym- Opposite word in meaning to another.
3.
Antiseptic – A substance that kills germs.
4.
Apprentice – One who is learning a trade.
5.
Arena – A place where wrestlers fight.
6.
Astronaut – One who is trained for space travel.
7.
Atmosphere – The whole mass of surrounding the earth.
8.
Auditor – The person who checks accounts.
9.
Auditorium – A hall for lectures and concerts etc.
10.
Autobiography – The life history of a person written by himself.
Verb Correction
He is ------ his work. Do
They are ------- in the office. Work
She is -------- the papers. Type
Ali is --------- at gallop. Run
We are --------- stamps. Collect
Lecture No 20
Verb Correction
The use of was & were
Subject + was, were + first form + ing + Object
He was going to jungle. Go
We were solving sums. Solve
She was baking breads. Bake
You were talking with her. Talk
I was jogging in the ground. Jog
It was raining outside. Rain
They were laughing over him. Laugh
More sentences for practice from
textbook.
Lecture No. 21
The use of has, have, had
Subject +has/have/had+3rd form + Object
He has done his work.
They have written story.
I had solved all sums.
She has cleared her accounts.
They have asked us many things.
We have got our degrees.
I have cut papers.
She had cooked curry.
Lecture No.22
11. Bachelor –
A man who has never been married.
12.
Bankrupt – A man who cannot pay his debt.
13.
Bilingual - A person who can speak two
languages.
14.
Botany – Science of plants and herbs.
15.
Biology – Science of human life.
16.
Bulletin- A short statement of some
incident.
17.
Cantonment – A place where army has its barracks.
18.
Capitalist – A man who has a lot of money.
19.
Catalogue- A list that has names of books and magazine.
20. Century – A
period of hundred years.
Verb Correction
He is working in office.
They were joining hotel job.
I have selected the right place.
She was clearing her accounts.
Lecture No.23
The Principal,
City A.B.C
22nd March, 2018
Sub: character certificate
Dear Sir,
I state that I am
student of 2nd year (Electrical) in your college. I am working very
hard to get the diploma successfully. My father has been transferred to Multan.
I have to get admission for my studies. In this respect, I need my character certificate. You know
that I want to continue my studies.
Please provide me the same.
My college record shows that I am a good student. I shall be thankful to you
for this kind action.
Yours Obediently,
X.Y.Z
Lecture No.24
The Principal,
City A.B.C
22nd March, 2018
Sub: Scholarship/Fee concession/ Fine Remission/ Misconduct
/irregular/condoning attendance/punctual/ sick leave
Dear sir.
I state that I am student of 2nd year (Electrical) in
your college. I am working very hard to get the diploma successfully. My father is a poor man. He works in a
private office. His salary is low. He cannot afford the expenses of my
education. Furthermore, I got ill and I
did not send any information for some days. I could not come to college and was
absent. I was fined heavily. When I came back to college my teacher got angry.
I also misbehaved and I am very ashamed for my misconduct with my teacher.
You know that I want to continue my studies. Please kindly grant me
scholarship/ fee concession/ fine remission and forgive me this time. I shall
be regular/ condoning attendance/ punctual next time.
Yours
Obediently,
X.Y.Z
Lecture No.25
Pairs of Words
1.
Advice
– He did not act upon my advice.
Advice- Doctor
advised the patient to take rest.
2.
Accept
– He accepted my advice.
Except – All
came in the meeting except Ali.
3.
Affect
– No advice affected him.
Effect – He had
no effect of advice on him.
4.
Adapt
– Adapt yourself to the situation.
Adept – He is
adept in painting.
5.
Altar
– Bring the cow to the altar.
Alter – He
altered the plan.
Lecture No.26
6.
Bail
– He was released on bail.
Bale – He had
40 bales of cotton.
7.
Bear
– He could not bear his insult.
Beer – Beer is
not allowed in Islam.
8.
Break
– He did not break the glass.
Brake – He
applied the brake to stop car.
9.
Berth
– He slept on berth in train.
Birth – His
date of birth does not match is age.
10. Beat – Do
not beat the children.
Beet – Beet is
also used to make sugar.
Lecture No.27
11. Beech –
Beech trees are on the seaside.
Beach – He went
to picnic on a beach with his family.
12. Canon – The
canons of Islam are simple and clear.
Cannon –
Cannons thunder in the field.
13. Canvas – He
wears canvas shoes.
Canvass – He
canvassed people to vote his party.
14. Cast- Do
not cast stones in water.
Caste – He is
Syed by caste.
15. Check –
Check the account carefully.
Cheque – He
cashed the cheque in the bank.
Lecture No.28
16. Clothe –
Clothe are sold at high rate now.
Cloth – He
wears simple cloth.
17. Cite – The
poet cited many verses in his book.
Site – The site
for college is under construction.
Cue – Cue is
enough for a wise man.
Queue – Stand
in your queue.
18. Coma – He
went into coma for seven days.
Comma - We use
comma in punctuation.
19. Diary – He
wrote his routine in diary.
Dairy – We use
dairy items.
20. Die – He
died of cancer.
Dye – Dye my
clothes from red to blue.
Lecture No.29
21. Dew – Dew
drops look pleasant in the morning.
Due – Give the
devil his due.
22. Devise – He
devised a technique to work better.
Device – He
invented a device.
23. Economic –
the price of soap is economic.
Economics –
Economics of Pakistan is at daggers drawn.
24. Four – Two
and two make four.
Fore – The fore
part of the car is broken.
25. Fair –
Everything is fair in love and war.
Fare – He paid
the fare of car.
Lecture 30
26. Feet –
Cover your feet in severe heat.
Feat – The
magician showed his feats.
27. Floor – Do
not put the flour on the floor.
Flour- Do not
put the flour on the floor.
28. Foul –
Murder is a foul deed.
Fool – He has
set up a floor mill.
29. Gate –
Guard is standing at the main gate.
Gait – She has
graceful gait.
30. Grate – He
lit the grate.
Great – Great
men never cry.
Lecture No.31
The Chairman,
WAPDA, Lahore
Sub: Post of Sub-Engineer
Respected Sir,
With reference to
the advertisement published in ‘The Daily Times’ about a vacant seat under
control for sub- engineer. I offer myself for the candidature. I fulfill your
requirements. I have safe and sound health.
I have passed my DAE
(Elec) in first division. My CV is also attached with.
Personal
Information
Name
Father’s name
Identity
Nationality
Educational
Qualification
|
Class |
Subject |
Div. |
Year |
Place |
|
DAE MATRIC |
Elec. Sc. Group |
First First |
2020 2019 |
PBTE BISE |
I hope that you will give me a chance to prove my worth and serve
you in better way.
Yours
Truly,
X.Y.Z
Lecture No.32
Computer (Half)
Computer is a wonderful invention. It is modern and useful
invention. It is an electronic device. It is of two parts- software and
hardware. It is famous for complete and best work. Its memory is very accurate
and powerful. Its memory is divided in RAM and ROM. No department is without
it. Neither any office nor any industry is working without it.
Computer works on the principles of human brain. Whatever we know
is stored in our memory. We use it in all works of life. We use it in our
houses, offices and even hotels. It guides ships, airplanes and rockets. It
makes the work easy. It makes the defense of country strong. We do faster work
which is accurate to great extent.
Computer was
invented in 1642. People showed great deal of progress in it. It made many
works easy. It made impossible possible.
Lecture No.33
Computer
(Complete)
New adventures started because of computer. Its huge size was used
in the beginning. Changes came in it with passage of time. Railway,
construction, electricity, offices, hotels, plazas and others progressed due to
it. It flourished educational system and brought betterment. Big development
was shown in the field of industry.
We hope that world will do more progress in the field of computer.
As man has reached moon so he will move ahead. Developed countries will make
flying cars in future. Computer will be in the place of books and note books.
Industrialists
are making new progress in manufacturing because of computer. They are making
best of the bargains. They are using new methods of preserving and producing
food. They are thinking that computer can bring new revolution in their life.
We are using lifesaving medicine and it is because of science, computer and new
technology.
Lecture No.34
Present Continuous Tense
Subject + is, am, are + first form + ing + Object
فعل حال جاری
فقرے کے آخر میں رہا ہے، رہی ہے، رہے ہیں اور
رہا ہوں آتے ہیں۔کسی جاری کام کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔
میں کالج جا رہا ہوں۔ وہ رسالہ پڑھ رہا ہے۔ ہم
ہاکی کھیل رہے ہیں۔ تم اس پر ہنس رہے ہو۔ وہ بازار جا رہے ہیں۔
I am going to college. He is reading digest. We are playing hockey. You are
laughing at him. They are going to bazar.
جب ان فقرات کو نفی بنایا جاتا ہے ہے تو ان میں
از، ایم آر کے بعد ناٹ لگا دیا جاتا ہے۔
جب ان فقرات کو سوالیہ بنایا جاتا
ہے تو از،ایم آر کو شروع میں لکھا جاتا ہے۔
Lecture No.35
Punctuation –
Rules and regulations
Exercise No.1
Punctuate the
following passage.
Is it true you
have decided to give up studies said the head master no sir it is not true said
rafique thank god said the head master
Answer
“Is it true
that you have decided to give up studies?” said the headmaster. “No, it is not
true”, said Rafique , “Thank God”, said the headmaster.
Exercise No.2
come in here he
said and led the way to a private room
Answer
“Come in here,
“he said, and led the way to a private room”.
Lecture No.36
Exercise No.3
what I thought
savagely under the resolute mask that you show your friends is there really a
shrinking and contemptible coward
“What!” I
thought savagely, “Under the resolute mask that you show your friends is there
really a shrinking and contemptible coward”.
Exercise No.4
would you like
to go to the moon my peaceful home is the earth I like to live here it is
beautiful place with flowers and green grass
Answer
Would you like
to go to the moon? My peaceful home is
the earth. I like to live here. It is beautiful place with flowers and green
grass.
Lecture No.37
Exercise No.5
the train
slowly steamed out of lahore station after giving out a shrill whistle there
was great rush on all sides one could bear people talking on and shouting
Answer
The train
slowly steamed out of Lahore station after giving out a shrill whistle. There
was a great rush on all sides. One bear people talking on and shouting
Exercise No.6
life is very
difficult at every step we lose heart people advise us not to lose heart they
say even if you give up you don’t escape worries
Answer
Life is very
difficult at every step. We lose heart. People advise us not to lose heart.
They say even if you give up you don’t escape worries.
Lecture No.38
Writer an inquiry letter about ceiling fans
The Sales Officer,
123-Road, Lahore
23rd March, 2018
Sub: Inquiry about Ceiling Fans
Dear Sir,
You will be
pleased to know that we require 200 ceiling fans of various sizes. As per
reputation for manufacturing quality fans is well-known. We have decided to
contact you in order to meet our requirement.
Please send your
price list of the latest models of ceiling fans under register cover at your
earliest.
With regards,
Yours
Truly,
X.Y.Z
Lecture No.39
The Sales Officer,
123-Road, Lahore
23rd March, 2018
Sub: Order about Ceiling Fans
Dear Sir,
Referring
your letter no.123 dated on 24th August, 2020.
We ae pleased
to inform you that your rates of fans of different specifications have been
found the lowest. We have decided to contact you in order to meet our demand.
You are
requested to supply standard and quality fans as per quantity.
1. 200 Ceiling
Fans
2. 100 Exhaust
Fans
3. 50 Pedestal
Fans
The delivery
should be done within a month till 25th September, 2020. The payment
will be made through bank after the delivery of all fans is received.
Yours
Truly,
X.Y.Z
Lecture No.40
Complaint letter about defective goods
The Sales Officer,
123-Road, Lahore
23rd March, 2018
Sub: About defective goods
Dear Sir,
Ref. No. 171 dated 15th July, 2020.
We are grateful to you for the supply of different fans to our
store. Your supply is satisfactory. But at the same time we regret to inform
you that 20 ceiling fans, 10 exhaust fans and 6 pedestal fans are defective. We
have them sub-standard and different in size.
We will be obliged if you replace them.
The defective items will be returned after receiving the
replacements.
Yours
Truly,
X.Y.Z
Lecture No.41
31. Hale – He
is hale and hearty.
Hail – It
hailed in the morning.
33. Heal – Wounds
heal with time.
Heel – She
likes to wear high heels.
34. Historical
– Lahore has many buildings.
Historic –Iqbal
made a historic speech in Allahabad.
35. Idol – The
Hindus worship idols.
Idle – He is
passive and idle.
Lecture No.42
36. Industrial
– Faisalabad is an industrial city.
Industrious –
He is wise and industrious worker.
37. Lose – Lose
your weight.
Loose – He
wears loose clothes.
38. Lion – The
lion is king of animals.
Loin – Gird up
your loin.
39. Lessen –
Medicine lessens pain.
Lesson – Learn
your lesson well.
40. Lawyer – Is
every lawyer a liar?
Liar – Is every
lawyer a liar?
Lecture No.43
41. Main –
Guard stands on the main gate.
Mane – The lion
has graceful mane.
42. Moral – A
soldier must have morals.
Morale – A
soldier fights with morale.
43. Mary – Ali
married Alia.
Merry – Eat,
drink and be merry.
44. Meat – Kids
should eat meat.
Meet – I met my
friend last day.
45. Pail –
Please bring me a pail of water.
Pale- Seeing
the lion, she turned pale.
Lecture No.44
46. Peace –
Peace is necessary in life.
Piece – The
crow had a piece of meat in his beak.
47. Pray – Pray
to God.
Prey – The lion
is a beast of prey.
48. Principal –
The principal is all in all in college.
Principle –
principles make a disciplined life.
49. Quiet –
Keep quiet in the library.
Quite – He is
healthy and quite well.
50. Stationary
– The earth is not stationary.
Stationary – He
sells stationary goods.
Lecture No.45
51. Sea – He
visited sea in Karachi.
See – Seeing
people see little.
52. Story – Man
is story teller.
Storey – He
lives in the upper storey.
53. Team – Our
hockey team played and won games.
Teem – The
River Chenab is teemed with water.
54. Vain – He is very proud and vain.
Vein – The blood runs in veins.
55. Waist –
Tight your belt at the waist.
Waste – Don’t
waste your time.
56. Weak – Old
man is too weak to walk.
Week – He sold
his old car.
57. Yoke – The
farmer yoked the oxen.
Yolk – I like
yolk of egg.
Lecture No.46
Technical Education (Half)
This is an age of science and computer. Technical education is
encouraging computer and science. We see many things made with the help of
technical education. Science is a mutual friend of technology. Computer helps
them in designing things. With the help of computer we can make great plans.
There is revolution in our life due to scientific knowledge and its
progress. The work in the heavy industry is possible only with technical
education. All machines run on the principles of some technique. The auto-cad
drawing is made in coral-draw or adobe photo shop program. Its drawing is taken
to production process where all concerned material is collected. At last it is
put into practice. We are driving heavy machines with the help of science and
technology.
Lecture No.47
Technical education (Complete)
Unfortunately, people find white collar jobs but we need technical
men. it is also that we have no computer programmers. In Pakistan, the majority
of technical men is very few. If our country has more men in three fields we
can have more progress in technology, science and computer.
With the progress of technical field the distances of places has
become less. We can use food factory in our homes easily. Oven is very vastly
used in heating things. Water-pump machines are used commonly. Motorbikes take
us to long routes but in the past faced many difficulties. The new and modern
form of technology is aero plane. There are many other air craft’s used in
warring days and emergency.
Technical education is also planning about easing the use of
internet. The use of net has made this world like a global village. By the help
of new technology we can know about the whole world in no
time. We all pray for the success of science, technology and computer.
Lecture No.48
Present Perfect
Tense
فعل حال مکمل
چکا ہے، چکی ہے، چکے ہیں ،یا ہے، ی ہے ، ے ہیں
Subject + has have + 3rd form + Object
وہ اپنا کام کر چکا ہے۔ ہم ہاکی کھیل چکے ہیں۔
اس نے چائے بنا لی ہے۔ ہم مضمون پڑھ چکے
ہیں۔کیا تم نے اخبار پڑھا ہے؟ اس نے مضمون نہیں لکھا ہے۔
He has done his work. We have played hockey. He has made tea. We have read
essay. Have you read newspaper? He has not written essay.
Lecture No.49
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
فعل حال جاری قریب
اگر فعل حال میں وقت کا ذکر ہو تو وہ پریزنٹ
پرفیکٹ کنٹنیوس کہلاتا ہے۔
ان فقرات میں دوسال سے ، ایک ماہ سے ، جنوری سے،
1990 سے، پچھلے دن سے سے وغیرہ آتا ہے۔
وہ ایک سال سے یہاں آرہا ہے۔ ہم 2013 سے کالج
میں آرہے ہیں۔ کیا وہ تین ماہ سے پڑھ رہا ہے۔ کیا ہم کئی سال سے اس مکان میں رہ
رہے ہیں
He has been coming here for one year. We have been coming here since 2013.
Has he been studying for three months? Have we been living in this house for
many years?
Lecture No.50
Past Indefinite Tense
ماضی مطلق
اس زمانہ میں گزرا ہوا کام بیان کیا جاتا ہے، جس
طرح کہ وہ گیا، اس نے کھنا کھایا ، ہم نے خط لکھا وغیرہ۔
نفی کے لیے فقرے میں ناٹ لگا کر اس میں پہلی
فارم کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔ مثال کے طورپر
اس نے ایک سیب کاٹا۔ اس نے ایک سیب نہیں کاٹا۔
کیا اس نے ایک سیب کاٹا؟ ہم نے کرکٹ
کھیلی۔ کیا ہم نے کرکٹ کھیلی؟ میں نے سبزی خریدی۔
He cut an apple. He did not cut an apple. Did he cut an apple? We played
cricket. Did we play cricket? I bought vegetable.
Lecture No.51
Past Continuous Tense
ماضی جاری
اس زمانہ میں فقرے میں رہا تھا، رہی تھی، رہے
تھے ہوتا ہے۔
وہ گاڑی چلا رہا تھا۔ ہم آٹا گوند رہے تھے۔ ہم
کھانا کھارہے تھے۔ باہر بارش ہورہے تھی۔ کیا وہ سو رہے تھے؟ وہ چاند نہیں دیکھ رہا
تھا۔ میں کل بازار جا رہا تھا۔
He was driving car. We were kneading flour. We were eating food. It was
raining outside. Were we sleeping? He was not seeing moon. I was going to
bazar.
Lecture No.53
Past Perfect Tense
ماضی بعید
ان فقروں کے آخر میں چکا تھا ، چکے تھے، چکی تھی آتا ہے۔
ہم اپنا کام کر چکے تھے۔ وہاپنا قرض ادا کر چکے تھے۔ ہم بنک سے رقم نکلوا چکے تھے۔
کیا انہوں نے اپنا فرض ادا کر دیا تھا؟ ہم نے نیا سوٹ نہیں خریدا تھا۔
We had done our work. They had paid their debt. We had withdrawn money from
bank. Had they paid their duty? We had not bought new suit.
Lecture No.54
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
ماضی جاری مکمل بعید
اگر ماضی جاری میں وقت کا ذکر ہو تو اس کو پاسٹ
پرفیکٹ کنٹینیوس کہتے ہیں۔ ان میں آکر پہ رہا تھا وغیرہ ہی اتا ہے۔
مثال کے طور پہ
میں 2012 سے اس مکان میں رہ رہا تھا۔ وہ اس مکان
کو دو سال سے بنا رہا تھا۔ ہم 2017 سے کالج جا رہے تھے۔ کیا وہ مارچ سے کام کر رہے
تھے؟ کیا وہ رات سے سو رہا تھا؟
I had been living
in this house since 2012. He had been building this house for two years. We had
been going to this college since 2017. They had been working since March. Had
he been sleeping since night?
Lecture No.55
Future Indefinite Tense
مستقبل مطلق
فقرے میں گا گی گے اتا ہے۔اس میں انے والا وقت
ظاہر کیا جاتا ہے۔
مثلاً میں کل بازار جاوں گا۔ ہم سبزیاں کریدیں
گے۔ وہ والدین کا نام روشن کرے گا۔ تم اپنا سبق یاد کروگے۔ کیا وہ کل سکول آئے گا؟
ہم دوبارہ غلطی نہیں کریں گے۔
Subject + will, shall + first form + Object
I shall go to bazar tomorrow. We shall buy
vegetable. He will enlighten his parent’s name. You will learn your lesson.
Will he come to school next day? We shall not do this mistake again.
Lecture No.56
Future continuous Tense
مستقبل جاری مطلق
ان فقروں میں رہا ہوگا، رہی ہوگی ، رہے ہوگے
Subject + will be , shall
be + first form + ing + Object
مثال کے طور پر
وہ کام کر رہے ہونگے۔ کیا وہ تنخواہ تقسیم کر
رہے ہونگے؟ علی کھانا کھا رہا ہوگا۔ دادی بچوں کو کہانی سنا رہی ہوگی۔ بچے باغ میں
سیر کر رہے ہونگے۔
They will be doing work. Will they be distributing salary? Ali will be
eating food. Grandmother will be saying story to children. Children will be
walking in the garden.
Lecture No. 57
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
مستقبل مکمل جاری قریب
جب جاری جملہ میں وقت کا ذکر ہو تو اسے مستقبل کے اعتبار سے اس فارولہ کے
مطابق ترجمہ کیا جاتا ہے۔
وہ 1990 سے اس مکان میں رہ رہا ہوگا۔ کیا تم دو
دن سے یہ خط لکھ رہے ہوگے؟ وہ صبح سے کرکٹ نہیں کھیل رہا ہوگا۔
He will have been living in this house since 1990. Will you have
been writing this letter for two days? He will not have been playing
cricket since morning.
Lecture No.58
21. Colleague –
Men who work in the same office.
22.
Decade – A period of ten years.
23.
Deck- A wooden floor on a ship.
24.
Dispensary – A place where medicines are prepared.
25.
Domestic – Relating to family and household.
26.
Divorce – Legal ending of marriage.
27.
Edible – A thing that is fit to be eaten.
28.
Eligible – Capable of being chosen under rules.
29.
Fatalist – One who believes in fate.
30. Germicide –
a medicine that kills germs.
Lecture No.59
31. Honorary –
An office for which no salary is paid.
32.
Illegal – A thing is against the law.
33.
Illiterate – A person who cannot read and write.
34.
Inaudible – A sound that cannot be heard.
35.
Insoluble – That cannot be dissolved.
36.
Laboratory- A place where experiments are carried on.
37.
Linguist – A man who studies languages.
38.
Mint – A place where coins are made.
39.
Monetary – Matters pertaining to money
40. Narcotic –
A medicine that induces to sleep.
Lecture No.60
41. Nephew –
The son of brother or sister.
42.
Omnipresent – Present everywhere (God)
43.
Patriot – A person who loves his country.
44.
Popular – A person liked by all.
45.
Punctual – One who is always in time.
46.
Sanatorium – A kind of hospital for sick people.
47.
Twins – Two children born at the same time.
48. Urban – Connected with town or city.
49.
Vagabond – Having no fixed home.
50.
Vegetarian – One who eats vegetables only.
51.
Verbose – Containing more words than are wanted.
52.
Versatile – Having knowledge of many subjects.
53.
Water Proof – A cloth that is able to keep water out.
54.
Wardrobe – A place where clothes are kept or stored.
55. Zoology –
The science of animal life.
Lecture No.61
Verb
Correction
1. He always likes the honest people. Like
2.
The two brothers love each other. Love
3.
My watch keeps correct time. Keep
4. I
daily go for a walk. Go
5.
The person often comes late. Come
6.
He will die soon. Die
7.
They had solved all sums. Solve
Lecture
No.62
1.
They are playing in the ground now. Play
2.
Have you ever seen the snake? See
3. I
have been writing this book for ten years. Write
4.
She wrote a letter last week. Write
5.
His father died in 1970. Die
6. It will rain
soon. Rain
Lecture No. 63
1. It takes
two to make a quarrel. Take
2.
Money makes a mare go. Make. 3.Time once gone cannot
be recalled. Recall
4.
Uneasy lies the head that wears crown. Lie
5. A drowning
man catches at a straw. Catch
Lecture No.64
1. A rolling
stone gathers no moss. Gather
2.
There is no use crying over spilt milk. Be
3.
All that glitters is not gold. Glitter
4.
Every potter praises his own pot. Praise
5.
Every dog has his day. Has
6. She
can come in time. Come
7. I
would not agree with him. Agree
8.
He will sacrifice for us. Sacrifice
Lecture
No. 65
1.
They have sung songs. Sing
2. I
am going to college. Go
3.
She made a map yesterday. Make 4.What have you been reading all the night? Read
5. I
have not seen you since Eid. See
Lecture
No.66
1.
Wood floats on water. Float
2.
Iron sinks in water. Sink
3.
He is telling a lie. Tell
4. A
mirror was broken by him. Break
5.
Where are you going now?
Go
Lecture
No.67
1.
The hawker daily delivers the newspaper. Deliver
2.
My friend met me yesterday. Meet
3.
What is your name? Be
4. A
stitch in time saves nine. Save
5.
He has not written a letter. Write
Lecture
No.68
1.
He often makes mistakes. Make
2.
He regularly attends the class. Attend
3.
The moon shines at night. Shine
4.
Honesty is its own reward. Be
5.
She gets up early. Get
Lecture
No.69
1.
He likes to go out for a walk in the morning. Like
2.
The patient had died before the doctor came. Die
3. A
gardener looks after the plants. Look
4. I
was already in the final. Be 5.She is sitting in the lawn. Sit
Lecture
No.70
1.
He is working in a factory. Work
2.
If he ran fast, he would reach early. Run
3.
He went to Lahore last week. Go
4.
The dogs bark at strangers. Bark
5. I
have heard nothing from you for many years. Hear
Lecture
No.71
Duties of Students (Half)
Students are vital force of society. They should try to have good health. In
this regard, they should take part in games and sports. They should build their
character. They should develop good habits and manners. They should pay full
attention to their studies. It will determine their future.
Students should serve their parents. They should respect their teachers and
elders. They should not do anything that harms the name of family. They should
obey their parents.
They should intend to do well to others. They should be noble and gentle with
others. They should seek peace, calm and integrity for others and themselves.
They should help to finish evils in society. They should avoid bad company.
They should be patriotic and nationalist. They should love their country.
Lecture No.72
Duties of Students (Complete)
They
should contact with foreign students for positive education. They should not
take part in bad politics.
They should help the poor and needy. They should learn knowledge. They should
improve their mental level and ability. They should be regular in studies. They
should learn their lesson. They should work hard. They should be punctual and
loyal. They should treat their neighbors. They should depend on themselves.
They should abide by the laws of traffic. They should be very helpful for their
friends.
They should keep discipline. They should wear simple dress and eat simple
dress. They should get up and say prayer to God.
Lecture
No. 73
Translate
Into English
Passage
No 1
جب کوئی فیصلہ کرو تو سوچ سمجھ کر کرو۔۔۔۔۔ جنہوں نے
انسانیت کا درس دیا۔
Think
hard before taking the decision. We should always keep future in sight. We
should plan our profession in advance. Teaching is the best profession. A
teacher educates the people and tells them how to be good human beings. All the
great men rose to eminence because of their teachers. The teachers enabled them
to lead people. All the prophets who preached the humanitarian values were also
teachers.
Lecture
No.74
Passage
No 2
کسان
معاشرے کا اہم ترین رکن ہے۔۔۔۔۔۔تاکہ وہ پک جائیں۔
A
farmer is an important member of our society. He gets up early in the morning,
ploughs the field and grows the grains for us. Having trust in Almighty, he
sows the seeds. In a few days, tiny plants crop up. He waters the plants to
make them ripe.
Lecture
No. 75
Passage
No 3
گاوں
میں رہنے کے بہت سے فوائد ہیں۔۔۔۔۔۔زندگی کی اقدار کو بدل دیا ہے۔
Village life has its own
merits. Fresh air, fresh food and brotherly relations are very common in
villages. They are simple and straight forward. They pay their duties honestly.
However, television and automobiles have adversely affected their living. These
things have changed the urban as well as rural values.
Lecture
No. 76
Passage
No 4
علامہ
اقبال کو نسلمانوں کی غربت ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ وطن کے قیام کا مطالبہ کیا۔
Allama
Iqbal was much about worried about the poverty of the Muslims. He urged the
Muslims to fight for their freedom. He inspired the nation with his poetry. He
urged them on action. His poetry is full of optimism. He demanded a separate
homeland for the Muslims of the Hindustan.
Lecture
No. 77
Passage
No 5
جوہری تونائی کو انسان کے ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ نظر انداز نہیں کیا
جا سکتا۔
Nuclear power can be used for the welfare of mankind. It
is a gross misconception that nuclear technology can only be used for negative
and destructive purpose. Nuclear energy can help us in power generation.
Nuclear technology is a powerful device of the modern times, which by no means
can be ignored.
Lecture
No. 78
Passage No 6
ہر شخص کو شہر اور صوبے ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ مفاد سے بے نیاز کریں۔
Everybody should have a great love for his city and
province. A city or province is just an integral part of the whole country. Its
solidarity depends on the solidarity of the whole country. We depend on the
solidarity of the whole country. We should not allow our vested interests to
make us forgetful to the interest of the whole country.
Lecture
No. 79
Passage No 7
سخت محنت کامیابی کی کُنجی ہے۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ اپنا مقصد حاصل کرنا
چاہتا ہو۔
Hard work is the key to success. It brings us dignity.
Nothing can be achieved without work. All those who succeeded in this world
were hard- working. They did their work regularly and seriously. Fool is he who
wants to get his goal without doing work.
Lecture
No. 80
Passage
No 8
آدمی کو چاہیے کہ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ راستہ بھول جائے گی۔
A man should look into others trouble when he finds
himself in it. He will find that thousands of men are in worse condition than
he. We should not fear in trouble. The best solution of trouble is patience.
The day when we learn to have patience, trouble will not knock at us.
Lecture
No. 81
Passage No 9
عزیز طلباء یہ بات یاد ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ آسانیاں پیدا کردے گا۔
Dear students keep it in your mind that life is
temporary. This is a trial. The real life will start after it. Significance of
wealth cannot be ignored but it is not everything. Only contentment can grant
satisfaction of heart and mental happiness. Evil barrens man spiritually. Keep
Allah and His beloved prophet’s love in your heart. Create facilities for
people, Allah will provide facilities for you.
Lecture
No. 82
Passage No 10
روزانہ کی ورزش صحت کے لیے ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ صاف
ہوجاتا ہے۔
Daily exercise is necessary for health. It strengthens
our body. It makes our digestion correct. Those people who take it daily enjoy
their meal. We inhale fresh air in our lungs with it and our blood is
cleaned.
Rest
of the 14 lectures will be conducted in revision of course.
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